3 posts.
L2s differ on two independent axes: how they prove state (validity/ZK proofs vs fraud proofs) and where they put data availability (on Ethereum vs off-chain). Those two choices give you rollups, validiums, and optimiums — with real differences in cost, security, and worst-case fund recovery. Here's the taxonomy, plainly, and why it matters for developers.
Read →Celestia isn't an execution chain — it's a modular data availability layer, so its RPC works nothing like Ethereum's. No eth_*, no smart contracts. Here's what Celestia actually does, the CometBFT RPC you connect to, how blobs and data availability sampling work, and where the celestia-node API fits in.
Read →If your L2 fees dropped through the floor in 2024, blobs are why. Here's what EIP-4844 blobs actually are, why they're cheap and temporary, how data availability works, and what changes for you as a developer reading the chain.
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