Method reference
eth_sendRawTransaction
Submits a signed transaction to the network and returns its hash. The node checks the signature, chain ID, nonce and balance first, and returns an error string instead of a hash when any check fails, which is the text your app has to handle.
What each chain answered when we submitted a legacy transaction signed without a chain ID (pre-EIP-155) from an empty account. "insufficient funds" means the chain accepted the unprotected format and only the balance check stopped it.
eth_sendRawTransaction on 55 chains, measured
Measured 2026-10-13 by calling eth_sendRawTransaction through the SwiftNodes endpoint for each chain, re-measured weekly. Each chain links to its own page with the full response and code.
| Chain | Unprotected (pre-EIP-155) transaction |
|---|---|
| Abstract | insufficient funds for gas + value. balance: 0, fee: 1900500021000, value: 1 |
| ApeChain | insufficient funds for gas * price + value: address 0x… have 0 want … |
| Arbitrum | insufficient funds for gas * price + value: address 0x… have 0 want … |
| Arbitrum Nova | insufficient funds for gas * price + value: address 0x… have 0 want … |
| Avalanche | only replay-protected (EIP-155) transactions allowed over RPC |
| Base | error getting sender from raw transaction |
| Berachain | insufficient funds for gas * price + value: have 0 want … |
| Blast | invalid sender |
| BNB Smart Chain | only replay-protected (EIP-155) transactions allowed over RPC |
| BOB | insufficient funds for gas * price + value: have 0 want … |
| Boba Network | insufficient funds for gas * price + value: have 0 want … |
| Celo | only replay-protected (EIP-155) transactions allowed over RPC |
| Chiliz | only replay-protected (EIP-155) transactions allowed over RPC |
| Core | only replay-protected (EIP-155) transactions allowed over RPC |
| Cronos | only replay-protected (EIP-155) transactions allowed over RPC |
| Ethereum | only replay-protected (EIP-155) transactions allowed over RPC |
| Ethereum Classic | only replay-protected (EIP-155) transactions allowed over RPC |
| Fantom | only replay-protected (EIP-155) transactions allowed over RPC |
| Flare | only replay-protected (EIP-155) transactions allowed over RPC |
| Fraxtal | insufficient funds for gas * price + value: have 0 want … |
| Gnosis | insufficient funds for gas * price + value: have 0 want … |
| Hemi | only replay-protected (EIP-155) transactions allowed over RPC |
| Hyperliquid | insufficient funds for gas * price + value: have 0 want … |
| Immutable zkEVM | only replay-protected (EIP-155) transactions allowed over RPC |
| Ink | invalid sender |
| Kaia | insufficient funds of the sender for value |
| Katana | insufficient funds for gas * price + value: have 0 want … |
| Linea | Invalid transaction: transaction up-front cost 0x36cc4aab4a9 exceeds transaction sender account bala |
| Lisk | insufficient funds for gas * price + value: have 0 want … |
| Manta Pacific | insufficient funds for gas * price + value: have 0 want … |
| Mantle | only replay-protected (EIP-155) transactions allowed over RPC |
| MegaETH | EIP-155 protection required |
| Mode | insufficient funds for gas * price + value: have 0 want … |
| Monad | Signer had insufficient balance |
| Morph | insufficient funds for gas * price + value: have 0 want … |
| opBNB | insufficient funds for gas * price + value: balance 0, tx cost 47690271946, overshot 47690271946 |
| Optimism | invalid sender |
| Plasma | insufficient funds for gas * price + value: have 0 want … |
| Polygon | only replay-protected (EIP-155) transactions allowed over RPC |
| PulseChain | only replay-protected (EIP-155) transactions allowed over RPC |
| Ronin | insufficient funds for gas * price + value: have 0 want … |
| Scroll | only replay-protected (EIP-155) transactions allowed over RPC |
| Sei | : unknown |
| Shibarium | only replay-protected (EIP-155) transactions allowed over RPC |
| Soneium | invalid sender |
| Sonic | only replay-protected (EIP-155) transactions allowed over RPC |
| Story | only replay-protected (EIP-155) transactions allowed over RPC |
| Taiko | insufficient funds for gas * price + value: have 0 want … |
| Telos EVM | Revm error: Error sending transaction to Telos |
| Tempo | value transfer not allowed |
| Unichain | insufficient funds for gas * price + value: have 0 want … |
| World Chain | Temporary internal error. Please retry, trace-id: 23bb374ec7367ea117e959a04ab65c99 |
| X Layer | only replay-protected (EIP-155) transactions allowed over RPC |
| zkSync Era | insufficient funds for gas + value. balance: 0, fee: 1900500021000, value: 1 |
| Zora | insufficient funds for gas * price + value: have 0 want … |
Replace YOUR_API_KEY in the examples on each chain page with your SwiftNodes key (free tier available).